Rates and Determinants for the Use of Anticoagulation Treatment before Stroke in Patients with Known Atrial Fibrillation

<b><i>Introduction and Objective:</i></b> Even though the introduction of less cumbersome anticoagulant agents has improved, the rates of<b><i></i></b>overall anticoagulant treatment in eligible patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remain to be defined. We aimed to assess the rates of and determinants for the use of anticoagulation treatment before stroke in patients with known AF since the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in clinical practice. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Consecutive patients admitted to an individual stroke unit, from September 2013 through July 2019, for acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) with known AF before the event were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of the use of anticoagulant treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 155 patients with ischemic stroke/TIA and known AF were included in this study. Among 152 patients with a CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score >1, 43 patients were not receiving any treatment, 47 patients were receiving antiplatelet agents, and the remaining 62 patients were on oral anticoagulants. Among 34 patients on DOAC, 13 were receiving a nonlabeled reduced dose and 18 out of 34 patients on vitamin K antagonists had an INR value <2 at the time of admission. Before stroke, only 34 out of 155 patients (21.9%) were adequately treated according to current guidelines. Previous stroke/TIA was the only independent predictor of the use of anticoagulant therapy. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Only 21.9% of the patients hospitalized for a stroke or TIA with known AF before the event were adequately treated according to recent treatment guidelines. It is important to improve medical information about the risk of AF and the efficacy of anticoagulants in stroke prevention.