Prevalence of Germline BRCA1/2 Variants in Ashkenazi and Non-Ashkenazi Prostate Cancer Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International guidelines recommend testing <i>BRCA2</i> in men with prostate cancer, due to the presence of a strong association with this gene. Some ethnicities present disparities in genetic distribution for the relation with specific founder variants. Ashkenazi Jewish people are, importantly, at high risk of breast cancer for their inherited cluster with germline <i>BRCA1/2</i> variants. However, in Ashkenazi men with prostate cancer, the prevalence of <i>BRCA1</i> and/or <i>BRCA2</i> is not well defined. We assessed the frequency of these variants in Ashkenazi vs. non-Ashkenazi men with prostate cancer. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: In accord with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we revised all germline <i>BRCA</i> variants reported in MEDLINE from 1996 to 2021 in Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi men with prostate cancer. <i>Results:</i> Thirty-five original studies were selected for the analysis. Among populations from Israel and North America, Ashkenazi Jewish men presented higher prevalence of <i>BRCA1</i> variants [0.9% (0.4-1.5) vs. 0.5% (0.2-1.1), <i>p</i> = 0.09] and a lower prevalence of <i>BRCA2</i> variants [1.5% (1.1-2.0) vs. 3.5% (1.7-5.9), <i>p</i> = 0.08] in comparison to the non-Ashkenazi population. <i>Conclusions:</i> Since germline <i>BRCA1</i> variants are more prevalent and <i>BRCA2</i> variants are less prevalent in PCa patients of Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity in comparison to non-Ashkenazi patients, prostate cancer genetic screening in Ashkenazi men should not be restricted to the <i>BRCA2</i> gene.