Prevalence, management and impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 4,200,000 patients

COPD is common in AF, being found in 13% of patients, and is associated with increased burden of comorbidities, differential management, and worse outcomes, with more than a two-fold higher risk of all-cause death and increased risk of CV death and major bleeding. Therapy with BBs does not increase the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with AF and COPD.