Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in short and long single-mode fibers was measured by a polarization-maintaining Michelson interferometer. A nonnegligible PMD was found in some standard fibers. The sensitivity enables PMD to measure the bend-induced PMD of a fiber rolled on a 28-cm diameter drum. A theoretical model for PMD with random mode coupling is developed, and an explicit equation for the time-of-flight distribution is presented. Comparison between measurements on short and long fibers with residual birefringence leads to an estimation of the coupling length on the order of 20-30 m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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