Piezotronics and its applications in artificial intelligent sensing

<p indent="0mm">The coupling between piezoelectric polarization and semiconductor properties (for example, electronic transport) in low-dimensional piezoelectric semiconductor nanomaterials, such as ZnO and GaN, gives rise to unprecedented device characteristics. This has increased research interest in the emerging fields of piezotronics, which offers new means of manipulating charge-carrier transport, generation, recombination or separation in the controlled operation of flexible devices through the application of external mechanical stimuli. We review the recent progress of the understanding in fundamental theory, investigation in piezotronics in different materials systems, development in piezotronics transistors, and the application of generalized piezotronics transistors, and provide an in-depth discussion of future research directions.