Phosphoramidates as Potent Prodrugs of anti-HIV Nucleotides: Studies in the Amino Region

Novel phosphoramidate derivatives of the anti-HIV nucleoside analogues AZT and d4T have been prepared by phosphorochloridate chemistry. These materials are designed to act as labile membrane-soluble prodrugs of the bio-active free nucleotides. All compounds were fully characterised by a range of methods and were subjected to evaluation in vitro of their anti-HIV efficacy. A notable feature of the current study was that any attempt to replace the amino acid moiety of the phosphoramidate with a simple amine lead to a marked, virtually total loss of activity. Such simple phenyl alkylamino phosphate derivatives of either d4T or AZT inhibit HIV replication at cytotoxic concentrations and have no detectable antiviral selectivity. This clearly highlights the vital role played by the amino acid in the antiviral efficacy of the blocked phosphoramidates.