This paper proposes a novel antenna architecture called movable antenna (MA) to improve the performance of wireless communication systems. With the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ca</sup> pability of flexibl <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> movement, MAs can be deployed at positions with more favorable channel conditions to achieve higher spatial diversity gains. Based on our proposed field-response channel model, we analyze the maximum channel gain achieved by a single receive MA as compared to its fixed-position antenna (FPA) counterpart in both deterministic and stochastic channels. In the deterministic channel case, we show the periodic behavior of the multi-path channel gain in a given spatial field. In the stochastic channels, the expected value and the approximate cumulative distribution function of an upper bound on the maximum channel gain of the MA are derived. Numerical examples validate our analytical results and demonstrate that a single MA can reap considerable performance gains over the conventional FPA systems with/without antenna selection, and even achieve comparable performance to the single-input multiple-output beamforming system.
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