Pathogen intrusion flows in water distribution systems: according to orifice equations

Research Article| June 18 2015 Pathogen intrusion flows in water distribution systems: according to orifice equations Jesús Mora-Rodríguez; Jesús Mora-Rodríguez 1Geomatics and Hydraulic Engineering Department, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Juárez No. 77, Centro, 36000 Guanajuato, Mexico Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Xitlali Delgado-Galván; Xitlali Delgado-Galván 1Geomatics and Hydraulic Engineering Department, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Juárez No. 77, Centro, 36000 Guanajuato, Mexico Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Josefina Ortiz-Medel; Josefina Ortiz-Medel 1Geomatics and Hydraulic Engineering Department, Universidad de Guanajuato, Av. Juárez No. 77, Centro, 36000 Guanajuato, Mexico Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Helena M. Ramos; Helena M. Ramos 2Civil Engineering Department and CEris, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049–001, Lisbon, Portugal E-mail: hr@civil.ist.utl.pt Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel; Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel 3Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022, Valencia, Spain Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. Amparo López-Jiménez P. Amparo López-Jiménez 3Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022, Valencia, Spain Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2015) 64 (8): 857–869. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2015.121 Article history Received: September 07 2014 Accepted: May 06 2015 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Permissions Search Site Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsThis Journal Search Advanced Search Citation Jesús Mora-Rodríguez, Xitlali Delgado-Galván, Josefina Ortiz-Medel, Helena M. Ramos, Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel, P. Amparo López-Jiménez; Pathogen intrusion flows in water distribution systems: according to orifice equations. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 9 December 2015; 64 (8): 857–869. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2015.121 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Pathogen intrusion may occur in water pipes when negative pressures allow external flows to enter through failures or leaks and then mix with safe water. Based on the Fixed and Variable Area Discharge (FAVAD) theory and the orifice equations, an analysis is proposed to estimate the intrusion flow across defects in pipes considering different types of failure. The equivalent diameter of different round hole failures was considered in order to obtain the dimensions of the split failures that presented the same pressure drop. In addition, experimental scenarios were made with external porous media to model the intrusion flow in buried pipes. An inverse method for the orifice equation is proposed to obtain the intrusion flows generated by the variations of two section failures produced by the pressure drop inside the pipe. The orifice equation properly represents the intrusion flow by adjusting the discharge coefficient. Furthermore, the considerable variations in the failures area with negative pressures should be taken into consideration in the expressions that estimate the intrusion flow. buried pipes, failure pipes, FAVAD, physical model © IWA Publishing 2015 You do not currently have access to this content.