Passivity-Based Analysis and Design of Linear Voltage Controllers For Voltage-Source Converters

This article presents a systematic evaluation on the impedance passivity of voltage-controlled voltage-source converters. The commonly used single- and dual-loop control structures with different linear controllers are compared extensively, considering the effect of the time delay involved in the control loop. A virtual impedance control, co-designed with different voltage control schemes, is then proposed to eliminate the negative output resistance till half of the sampling frequency, which improves the system stability for grid-forming converters in grid-connected applications. Both frequency-domain analysis and experimental results validate the theoretical findings.