A minimum-weight flexural actuator is designed. The actuator comprises a triangular corrugated core with shape memory alloy (SMA) faces. It is clamped at one end and free at the other. For design and optimization, the temperature history of the face sheets upon heating and subsequent cooling is first obtained as a function of the cooling efficiency (Biot number) and the operational frequency deduced. Based upon this response, a phenomenological model is employed to represent the martensite evolution. Thereafter, the end deflection is calculated as a function of temperature. The minimum weight is calculated subject to the provisos that: (i) the end deflection attains a specified value; (ii) the power consumed is less than the upper limit of the supply; and failure is averted by (iii) face/core yielding and (iv) face/core buckling; (v) the operational frequency of the panel achieves a specified limit.
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