On the Equilibrium Points in Three-Phase PLL Based on the <i>d</i>-axis Voltage Normalization

Voltage normalization is usually adopted for a phase-locked loop (PLL) to keep a constant bandwidth unaffected from the voltage magnitude at the point of synchronization. Two conventional PLL normalization methods are analyzed from a large-signal perspective in this letter. However, different from the voltage magnitude normalization method, an unexpected stable equilibrium point emerges in the three-phase PLL based on the d-axis voltage normalization, the mechanism of which is revealed by the phase-plane analysis. Due to the unexpected equilibrium point, the d-axis voltage normalization will lose the phase tracking ability when the initial phase difference or phase jump exceeds π/2. Thus, it is suggested to use the magnitude normalization instead of the d-axis voltage normalization to avoid this kind of malfunction. Finally, the experimental results validate the theoretical analysis.