In this paper, we study the synchronization of two coupled nonlinear, in particular chaotic, systems which are not identical. We show how adaptive controllers can be used to adjust the parameters of the systems such that the two systems will synchronize. We use a Lyapunov function approach to prove a global result which shows that our choice of controllers will synchronize the two systems. We show how it is related to Huberman-Lumer adaptive control and the LMS adaptive algorithm. We illustrate the applicability of this method using Chua's oscillators as the chaotic systems. We choose parameters for the two systems which are orders of magnitude apart to illustrate the effectiveness of the adaptive controllers. Finally, we discuss the role of adaptive synchronization in the context of secure and spread spectrum communication systems. In particular, we show how several signals can be encoded onto a single scalar chaotic carrier signal.
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