Near-Field Modeling and Performance Analysis of Modular Extremely Large-Scale Array Communications

This letter studies a new array architecture, termed as <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">modular extremely large-scale</i> array (XL-array), for which a large number of array elements are arranged in a modular manner. Each module consists of a moderate number of array elements and the modules are regularly arranged with the inter-module spacing typically much larger than signal wavelength to cater to the actual mounting structure. We study the mathematical modelling and conduct the performance analysis for modular XL-array communications, by considering the non-uniform spherical wave (NUSW) characteristic that is more suitable than the conventional uniform plane wave (UPW) assumption for physically large arrays. A closed-form expression is derived for the maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in terms of the geometries of the modular XL-array, including the total array size and module separation, as well as the user's location. The asymptotic SNR scaling law is revealed as the size of modular array goes to infinity. Furthermore, we show that the developed modelling and performance analysis include the existing results for collocated XL-array or far-field UPW assumption as special cases. Numerical results demonstrate the importance of near-field modelling for modular XL-array communications since it leads to significantly different results from the conventional far-field UPW modelling.