Natural convection heat transfer in a cavity with sinusoidal wall filled with CuO–water nanofluid in presence of magnetic field

Control volume based finite element method (CVFEM) is applied to investigate flow and heat transfer of CuO–water nanofluid in presence of magnetic field. The enclosure has a sinusoidal wall under constant heat flux. The effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid are calculated by KKL (Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li) correlation. In this model effect of Brownian motion on the effective thermal conductivity is considered. The numerical investigations are conducted at a fixed Prandtl number equal to 6.2. Various values of non-dimensional governing parameters such as volume fraction of nanoparticles (ϕ), Rayleigh number (Ra), dimensionless amplitude of the sinusoidal wall (a) and Hartmann number (Ha) are examined. Also a correlation of Nusselt number corresponding to active parameters is presented. The results show that Nusselt number is an increasing function of nanoparticles volume fraction, dimensionless amplitude of the sinusoidal wall and Rayleigh number while it is a decreasing function of Hartmann number.