Nanostructured Titania Coatings for Biological Applications: Fabrication and Characterization

Since the interactions between arti‹cial biomaterial and biological tissues occur mainly at their interface, the surface properties of biomaterials such as topography, roughness, chemistry, and physical characteristics exert a large in¢uence on their biological response. On the other hand, nanomaterials can mimic the surface properties (including topography, energy,CONTENTSIntroduction ................................................................................................................................. 203 Titania ........................................................................................................................................... 204 Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Titania Coatings .............................. 205Fabrication of Titania Nanotube Arrays ............................................................................. 205 Equipment for Anodization ............................................................................................. 205 Background of Titania Nanotubes .................................................................................. 205 Mechanism of Nanotube Array Formation ................................................................... 207 Geometry Control of Titania Nanotube Arrays ............................................................ 210 Structure Characterization of Titania Nanotube Arrays .............................................. 210Biological Performance and Applications .......................................................................... 214 Cell Response to Titania Nanotubes ............................................................................... 214 Bioactivity/Bone Conductivity ....................................................................................... 215 Drug Delivery .................................................................................................................... 216Fabrication of Nanoporous Titania Coatings .................................................................... 220 Fabrication of Interconnected Porous Coating .............................................................. 220 Nanonetworked Titania Coatings ...................................................................................222