Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer in the Presence of Variable Magnetic Field

Magnetic nanofluid (ferrofluid) is a magnetic colloidal suspension consisting of base liquid and magnetic nanoparticles with a size range of 5–15 nm in diameter coated with a surfactant layer. The effect of magnetic field on fluids is worth investigating due to its numerous applications in a wide range of fields. The study of interaction of the magnetic field or the electromagnetic field with fluids have been documented, for example, among nuclear fusion, chemical engineering, medicine, and transformer cooling. The goal of nanofluid is to achieve the highest possible thermal properties at the smallest possible concentrations by uniform dispersion and stable suspension of nanoparticles in host fluids. In this chapter, the influence of external magnetic field on ferrofluid flow and heat transfer is investigated. The effects of both ferrohydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic have been taken in to account. So, the effects of Lorentz and Kelvin forces on hydrothermal behavior are examined.