Abstract
1 min read<b><i>Objective</i></b><b> </b>Prospective associations between omega-3 fatty acid biomarkers and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk are not consistent in individual studies. We aimed to summarize prospective associations between biomarkers of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and T2D risk through an individual participant-level pooled analysis. <p><b><i>Research Design and Methods </i></b>Our analysis incorporated data from a global consortium of 20 prospective studies from 14 countries. We included 65,147 participants who had blood measurements of ALA, EPA, DPA, or DHA and were free of diabetes at baseline.</p> <p><i>De novo</i> harmonized analyses were performed in each cohort following a pre-specified protocol and cohort-specific associations were pooled using inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis.</p> <p><b><i>Results</i></b><b> </b>A total of 16,693 incident T2D cases were identified during follow-up (median follow-up ranging from 2.5 to 21.2 years). In pooled multivariable analysis, per inter-quintile range (difference between the 90<sup>th</sup> and 10<sup>th</sup> percentiles for each fatty acid), EPA, DPA, DHA, and their sum were associated with lower T2D incidence, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 0.92 (0.87, 0.96), 0.79 (0.73, 0.85), 0.82 (0.76, 0.89) and 0.81 (0.75, 0.88), respectively (all <i>P</i><0.001). ALA was not associated with T2D, 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) per inter-quintile range. Associations were robust across pre-specified subgroups as well as in sensitivity analyses. </p> <p><b><i>Conclusions </i></b><a></a><a>Higher circulating biomarkers of seafood-derived omega-3 fatty acids, including EPA, DPA, DHA, and their sum were associated with lower risk of T2D in a global consortium of prospective studies. </a>The biomarker of plant-derived ALA was not significantly associated with T2D risk. </p>
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