Multireference Ab Initio Calculations on Reaction Intermediates of the Multicopper Oxidases

The multicopper oxidases (MCOs) couple the four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water with four one-electron oxidations of various substrates. Extensive spectroscopic studies have identified several intermediates in the MCO catalytic cycle, but they have not been able to settle the structures of three of the intermediates, viz. the native intermediate (NI), the peroxy intermediate (PI), and the peroxy adduct (PA). The suggested structures have been further refined and characterized by quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations. In this paper, we try to establish a direct link between theory and experiment, by calculating spectroscopic parameters for these intermediates using multireference wave functions from the multistate CASPT2 and MRDDCI2 methods. Thereby, we have been able to reproduce low-spin ground states (S = 0 or S = 1/2) for all the MCO intermediates, as well as a low-lying (∼150 cm-1) doublet state and a doublet−quartet energy gap of ∼780 cm-1 for the NI. Moreover, we reproduce the zero-field splitting (∼70 cm-1) of the ground 2E state in a D3 symmetric hydroxy-bridged trinuclear Cu(II) model of the NI and obtain a quantitatively correct quartet−doublet splitting (164 cm-1) for a μ3-oxo-bridged trinuclear Cu(II) cluster. All results support the suggestion that the NI has an O2- atom in the center of the trinuclear cluster, whereas both the PI and PA have an O22- ion in the center of the cluster, in agreement with the QM/MM results and spectroscopic measurements.