Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication with advanced lens antenna arrays is a promising technology for achieving cost-effective 5G wireless systems. This paper studies a multi-user mmWave single-sided lens multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in the uplink communication, where the base station (BS) is equipped with a full-dimensional (FD) lens antenna array with both elevation and azimuth angle resolution capabilities, and each mobile station (MS) has the conventional uniform planar array (UPA). With limited radio frequency (RF) chains at the BS and one single RF chain at each MS, we propose a low-complexity path division multiple access (PDMA) scheme to enable virtually interference-free multiuser communications, by exploiting the angle-dependent energy focusing property of the lens antenna array at the BS as well as the multi-path sparsity of mmWave channels. Besides, a new technique called path delay compensation is proposed at the BS to effectively transform the frequency-selective MIMO channel to parallel frequency-flat small-size MIMO channels, for each of which the low-complexity single-carrier (SC) transmission can be applied. Numerical results show significant sum-rate gain with the proposed design over benchmark systems.
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