Modifications in food-group consumption are related to long-term body-weight changes

Background Dietary patterns play an important role in the control of body weight. Objective The aim of this study was to verify whether changes in some dietary patterns over a 6-y follow-up period would be associated with weight changes. Design A sample of 248 volunteers of the Québec Family Study were measured twice (visit 1: 1989–1994; visit 2: 1995–2000). Body weight, percentage body fat, subcutaneous skinfold thicknesses, and waist circumference measurements as well as 3-d dietary and physical activity records were obtained at each visit. At visit 2, all participants filled out a food-based questionnaire examining changes in the consumption of 10 food categories. To further investigate the relation between changes in food-group consumption and body-weight changes, a total of 51 food subcategories were identified from dietary records. Results A self-reported decrease in the consumption of food in the fat group or an increase in consumption in the fruit group from the food-based questionnaire predicted a lower increase in body weight and adiposity indicators over time. A more detailed examination of the change in food groups between diet records revealed that increases in the consumption of whole fruit as well as skimmed milk and partly skimmed milk were the 2 food patterns that negatively correlated with the changes of each body weight–related indicator. Conclusions These results show that changes in the consumption of some specific food groups are associated with body-weight changes. Such specific eating patterns could help to improve obesity treatment and prevention.