17 18 Computational Fluid Dynamics; turbulence model; cyclist; aerodynamics; wind tunnel 19 20 Word count (Introduction to conclusions): 3494 words 21 22 23 Abstract 24 This study aims at assessing the accuracy of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for applications in sports 25 aerodynamics, for example for drag predictions of swimmers, cyclists or skiers, by evaluating the applied 26 numerical modelling techniques by means of detailed validation experiments. In this study, a wind-tunnel 27 experiment on a scale model of a cyclist (scale 1:2) is presented. Apart from three-component forces and 28 moments, also high-resolution surface pressure measurements on the scale model's surface, i.e. at 115 locations, 29 are performed to provide detailed information on the flow field. These data are used to compare the performance 30 of different turbulence-modelling techniques, such as steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS), with 31 several k-� and k-� turbulence models, and unsteady Large-Eddy Simulation (LES), and also boundary-layer 32 modelling techniques, namely wall functions and low-Reynolds number modelling (LRNM). The commercial 33 CFD code Fluent 6.3 is used for the simulations. The RANS shear-stress transport (SST) k-� model shows the 34 best overall performance, followed by the more computationally expensive LES. Furthermore, LRNM is clearly
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