At least 10 cardiovascular biomarkers that can be measured in blood have accrued more than 6000 published related papers each.A systematic evaluation of the evidence suggests that they have limited or no predictive ability for cardiovascular disease and suggests the need for a paradigm shift in testing and qualifying biomarkers and in the expectations surrounding them.
Alba Fernández‐Sanlés, Sergi Sayols-Baixeras, Isaac Subirana, Mariano Sentı́, Sílvia Pérez-Fernández, Manuel de Castro Moura, Manel Esteller, Jaume Marrugat, Roberto Elosúa
Renate B. Schnabel, Xiaoyan Yin, Martin G. Larson, Jennifer F. Yamamoto, João D. Fontes, Sekar Kathiresan, Jian Rong, Daniel Levy, John F. Keaney, Thomas J. Wang, Joanne M. Murabito, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Emelia Benjamin
Honghuang Lin, Jayandra J. Himali, Claudia L. Satizábal, Alexa S. Beiser, Daniel Levy, Emelia Benjamin, Mitzi M. Gonzales, Saptaparni Ghosh, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sudha Seshadri, Emer R. McGrath
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