Membrane proteins: shaping up

Over recent years, much progress has been made in the identification and characterization of factors involved in the biosynthesis of integral membrane proteins of the helix-bundle type. In addition, our knowledge of membrane protein structure and the forces stabilizing helix—helix interactions in a lipid environment is expanding rapidly. However, it is still not clear how a membrane protein folds into its final form in vivo, nor what constraints there are on the folded structure that results from the mechanistic details of translocon-mediated assembly rather than simply from the thermodynamics of protein—lipid interactions.