Membrane integration and topology of RIFIN and STEVOR proteins of the<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>parasite

The malarial parasite Plasmodium , infects red blood cells by remodeling them and transporting its own proteins to their cell surface. These proteins trigger adhesion of infected cells to uninfected cells (rosetting), and to the vascular endothelium, obstructing blood flow and contributing to pathogenesis. RIFINs ( P. falciparum -encoded repetitive interspersed families of polypeptides) and STEVORs (subtelomeric variable open reading frame), are two classes of proteins that are involved in rosetting. Here we study the membrane insertion and topology of three RIFIN and two STEVOR proteins, employing a well-established assay that uses N-linked glycosylation of sites within the protein as a measure to assess the topology a protein adopts when inserted into the ER membrane. Our results indicate that all the proteins tested assume an overall topology of N cyt -C cyt , with predicted transmembrane helices TM1 and TM3 integrated into the ER membrane. We also show that the segments predicted as TM2 do not reside in the membrane. Our conclusions are consistent with other recent topology studies on RIFIN and STEVOR proteins.