<title>Bioreceptor-conducting polymer multilayer assemblies for biosensing</title>

This research focuses on the organized integration of biological receptors and polymers into thin film architectures for biosensing applications. Layer-by-layer electrostatic adsorption was used for the first time to form alternating protein-conducting polymer multilayers. The light-harvesting, phycobiliproteins and the enzyme, alkaline phosphatase were the bioreceptors investigated and sulfonated polystyrene, poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) and a new enzymatically polymerized, water soluble, polyaniline were the polymer counterions used for deposition. Spectroscopic characterization was used to determine both multilayer formation and biosensing function of the final bioreceptor-polymer assemblies. These techniques have proven to be simple, chemically mild, and versatile and are expected to find application in the fabrication of ultrathin films for biosensors, opto- electronic devices and biomedical applications.