Lossy and Lossless Inductance Simulators and Universal Filters Employing a New Versatile Active Block

In this paper six new implementations for realizing lossy and lossless active inductors are presented. The new topologies are obtained using a newly formulated active block namely, the extra X current conveyor transconductance amplifier (EXCCTA). The designed grounded inductor simulators (GIS) require only three grounded passive elements for implementation which is desirable for integrated circuit fabrication. Moreover, the inductance simulators are electronically tunable and free from matching requirements. Additionally, two structures of universal filters are also proposed. The voltage mode (VM) filter is multi input single output (MISO) structure and uses canonical number of passive components. The current mode (CM) filter is a single input multi output (SIMO) structure with grounded passive elements. The filter structures can realize all five standard filter responses without any matching conditions and have features of low/ high output impedance, low active and passive sensitivities, tunability, independent control of pole frequency and quality factor. The effect of non-idealities on the inductor and filter topologies are also analyzed. The simulations are performed in 0.18μm parameters from TSMC in Spice to validate the theoretical predictions. Experimental results using AD844 and LM13700 integrated circuits (ICs) for the proposed inductor and filter are also provided to further ascertain the feasibility of the proposed solutions.