Long-term stability of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: a 2-year follow-up study of lithium-treated euthymic bipolar patients.

Executive function and processing speed are the cognitive domains affected in euthymic bipolar outpatients, and such deficits are maintained over time. Our results show that executive dysfunction is the main long-term neuropsychological deficit of bipolar disorder. Slower processing seems to be related to worse work adaptation.