Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in trace metal imaging of experimental and clinical metal disorders

Background: The liver is sensitively prone to alterations in metal content and homeostasis. Most of its metabolic and catabolic functions depend on trace elements. Metals are either integral part of enzymes, cofactors, or directly serve as chemical catalysts. Therefore, a lack of trace elements can lead to organ failure or systemic illness. Conversely, excessive hepatic trace element deposition resulting from genetic disorders, intoxication, extensive dietary supply, or long-term parenteral nutrition cause hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.