Quantum mechanics is considered to be the most important achievement and mysterious scientific theory in mid-1900. Then it was successfully applied to understand a wide variety of physical phenomena including fundamental forces of nature, nuclear physics, superconductors, etc. Toward the end of 1900, people began to ask whether a quantum system can actually be designed instead of looking at them just a phenomena found in nature. Some of the question of interests are: what are the fundamental physical limitation son space and time required to construct a quantum state? What makes quantum systems difficult to simulate by conventional classical means?In this study, we present the basic concepts of quantum bits and quantum calculators and compare them with their classical counterparts. We also address the main challenges faced when aiming to simulate a quantum system. Frequently used quantum gates are presented.
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