Ivermectin mass drug administration to humans or livestock is a potential vector control tool for malaria elimination. The mosquito-lethal effect of ivermectin in clinical trials exceeds that predicted from in vitro laboratory experiments, suggesting that ivermectin metabolites have mosquito-lethal effect. The three primary ivermectin metabolites in humans (i.e., M1 (3″-O-demethyl ivermectin), M3 (4-hydroxymethyl ivermectin), and M6 (3″-O-demethyl, 4-hydroxymethyl ivermectin) were obtained by chemical synthesis or bacterial modification/metabolism. Ivermectin and its metabolites were mixed in human blood at various concentrations, blood-fed to Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus mosquitoes, and mortality was observed daily for fourteen days. Ivermectin and metabolite concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry to confirm the concentrations in the blood matrix. Results revealed that neither the LC
Phornpimon Tipthara, Kevin C. Kobylinski, Markus Godejohann, Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn, Alison Roth, John H. Adams, Sir Nicholas White, Podjanee Jittamala, Nicholas Day, Joel Tärning
Kevin C. Kobylinski, Podjanee Jittamala, Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Kanchana Pantuwatana, Siriporn Phasomkusolsil, Silas A. Davidson, Markus Winterberg, Richard M. Hoglund, Mavuto Mukaka, Rob W. van der Pluijm, Arjen M. Dondorp, Nicholas Day, Sir Nicholas White, Joel Tärning
Achaporn Yipsirimetee, Phornpimon Tipthara, Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn, Rupam Tripura, Dysoley Lek, Krittikorn Kümpornsin, Lee M, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Arjen M. Dondorp, Sir Nicholas White, Kevin C. Kobylinski, Joel Tärning, Kesinee Chotivanich
Frank Smithuis, Moe Kyaw Kyaw, U Ohn Phe, Ingrid van der Broek, Nina Katterman, Colin Rogers, Patrick Almeida, Piet A. Kager, Kasia Stepniewska, Yoel Lubell, J. A. Simpson, Sir Nicholas White
Discussion(0)
No comments yet. Be the first to comment.