Ion Gel Capacitively Coupled Tribotronic Gating for Multiparameter Distance Sensing

Developing sophisticated device architectures is of great significance to go beyond Moore's law with versatility toward human–machine interaction and artificial intelligence. Tribotronics/tribo-iontronics offer a direct way to controlling the transport properties of semiconductor devices by mechanical actions, which fundamentally relies on how to enhance the tribotronic gating effect through device engineering. Here, we propose a universal method to enhance the tribotronic properties through electric double layer (EDL) capacitive coupling. By preparing an ion gel layer on top of tribotronic graphene transistor, we demonstrate a dual-mode field effect transistor (i.e., a tribotronic transistor with capacitively coupled ion gel and an ion-gel-gated graphene transistor with a second tribotronic gate). The resulted tribotronic gating performances are greatly improved by twice for the on-state current and four times for the on/off ratio (the first mode). It can also be utilized as a multiparameter distance sensor with drain current increased by ∼600 μA and threshold voltage shifted by ∼0.8 V under a mechanical displacement of 0.25 mm (the second mode). The proposed methodology of EDL capacitive coupling offers a facile and efficient way to designing more sophisticated tribotronic devices with superior performance and multifunctional sensations.