(Invited) SCAN Meta-GGA: An Accurate, Efficient, and Physically Sound Density Functional for Materials Discovery and Design

The accuracy and computational efficiency of the widely used Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) are limited by the approximation to its exchange-correlation energy Exc. The earliest local density approximation (LDA) overestimates the strengths of all bonds near equilibrium (even the vdW bonds). By adding the electron density gradient to model Exc, generalized gradient approximations (GGAs) generally soften the bonds to give robust and overall more accurate descriptions, except for the vdW interaction which is largely lost. Further improvement for covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds can be obtained by the computationally more expensive hybrid GGAs, which mix GGAs with the nonlocal exact exchange. Meta-GGAs are still semilocal in computation and thus efficient. Compared to GGAs, they add the kinetic energy density that enables them to recognize and accordingly treat different bonds, which no LDA or GGA can [2]. In this talk, I will present an advance in DFT, the recently developed non-empirical strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-GGA [1]. SCAN predicts accurate geometries and energies of diversely-bonded molecules and materials (including covalent, metallic, ionic, hydrogen, and van der Waals bonds), significantly improving over its predecessors, the GGAs that dominate materials computation, at comparable efficiency [2]. SCAN’s excellent performance on formation enthalpies and ground structure predictions, critical for materials discovery and design, will be highlighted [3]. I will further explain how SCAN was constructed [1], why it can improve over GGAs [2], and where it should fail [4]. At the end, efforts to improve SCAN via nonlocal corrections will be discussed. [1] J. Sun, A. Ruzsinszky, and J.P. Perdew, Strongly constrained and appropriately normed semilocal density functional, PRL 115 , 036402 (2015). [2] J. Sun, R.C. Remsing, Y. Zhang, Z. Sun, A. Ruzsinszky, H. Peng, Z. Yang, A. Paul, U. Waghmare, X. Wu, M.L. Klein, and J.P. Perdew, Accurate First-principles structures and energies of diversely-bonded systems from an efficient density functional, Nat. Chem. 8 , 831 (2016). [3] Y. Zhang, D.A. Kitchaev, J. Yang, T. Chen, S.T. Dacek, R.A. Sarmiento-Perez, M.A.L. Margues, H. Peng, G. Ceder, J.P. Perdew, and J. Sun, Efficient first-principles prediction of solid stability: Towards chemical accuracy, NPJ Computational Materials 4 , 9 (2018). [4] H. Peng, Z. Yang, J.P. Perdew, and J. Sun, Versatile van der Waals density functional based on a meta-generalized gradient approximation, PRX 6 , 041005 (2016).