Abstract X-ray absorption spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectra and Auger spectra of cuprate superconductors are discussed. The studies establish the absence of Cu3+ for all practical purposes, but point out the importance of oxygen holes. X-ray photoelectron spectra of BaBi0.25Pb0.75O3 and related compounds are also examined. Key Words: High-temperature superconductivityphotoemission, auger spectraX-ray absorption spectraYBa2Cu3O7, La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8, Tl2CaBa2Cu2O8.
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