Investigations of iron-alumina metal-ceramic composites: Effect of ruthenium and nickel on the hydrogen reduction of trivalent iron during the formation of the composite

Effect of ruthenium and nickel on the reduction behavior of Fe 3+ Al 2 O 3 to give the Fe1bAl2O3 metal-ceramic composite has been studied by employing x-ray diffraction. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Both ruthenium and nickel promote the hydrogen reduction of Fe3+, giving nearly total reduction to the metallic phase at 1220K. Besides metallic iron in the ferromagnetic α-form, paramagnetic alloys of Fe with Ru and Ni are formed during the reduction.