The revised hierarchical model was proposed in 1994 (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) to explain how 2 languages are represented in the mind of late language learners. The model proposed dynamic asymmetric relations between the 2 languages with an underlying conceptual system as a means of addressing issues current at the time regarding lexical retrieval in picture and word naming as well as translation across languages. The broader insights from that model remain relevant today and continue to guide research in bilingual language processing. Three such insights—the role of context, the relation between the 2 languages, and the importance of task details—are described.
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