Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation underlies behaviors performed purely for interest and enjoyment; extrinsic motivation underlies behaviors performed to obtain separable rewards or avoid negative outcomes. Different types of extrinsic motivations exist and can be placed on a self-determination continuum. Intrinsic motivation and self-determined forms of extrinsic motivation facilitate positive outcomes such as well-being. Non-self-determined forms of extrinsic motivation are associated with negative outcomes such as anxiety. Autonomy-supportive environments which provide choices and options foster the development of intrinsic motivation and self-determination. In education, autonomy-supportive environments provide the context for greater learning outcomes such as increased classroom involvement, performance, and satisfaction.