Insight, part of a Special Feature on Exploring Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems A Handful of Heuristics and Some Propositions for Understanding Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems

This paper is a work-in-progress account of ideas and about resilience in social- ecological systems. It articulates our understanding of how these complex systems change and what determines their ability to absorb disturbances in either their ecological or their social domains. We call them propositions because, although they are useful in helping us understand and compare different social-ecological systems, they are not sufficiently well defined to be considered formal hypotheses. These were developed in two workshops, in 2003 and 2004, in which participants compared the dynamics of 15 case studies in a wide range of regions around the world. The raise many questions, and we present a list of some that could help define the next phase of resilience-related research.