Innate immune recognition and response to pathogens

Our laboratory studies mechanisms of innate immunity. Through generation of knockout mice, we have demonstrated that a family of Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognizes a variety of PAMPs such as lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein and nucleic acids derived from bacteria, viruses and protozoa to elicit innate immune responses. We have also demonstrated that a family of RIG-I-like RNA helicases (RLR) including RIG-I and MDA5 participates in TLR-independent recognition of nucleic acids derived from different types of RNA viruses in the cytoplasm. NOD-like receptors(NLR) also sense microbial components in the cytoplasm of cells. Several C-type lectin receptors(CLR) are shown to recognize the carbohydrates from pathogens. Here I will talk about the anti-viral response by neutrophil extracellular DNA trap(NET) and ZAP.