Influence of nanoparticles on melting of paraffin through a thermoelectric-photovoltaic unit in presence of spectral filter and reflectors

This article delves into the numerical examination of enhancing the productivity of a photovoltaic (PV) system in conjunction with reflectors. In bottom of the traditional PV, thermoelectric generator (TEG) has been used which made from Cu2SnS3 as a sustainable material. A spectral filter, comprising a water-MgO nanofluid, has been applied. To manage the silicon layer's temperature and ensure uniformity, a paraffin layer has been strategically placed at the system's bottom. The paraffin zone incorporates MWCNT nanoparticles mixed with RT25 for improved material properties. To augment conduction, sinusoidal fins have been affixed to the upper wall of the paraffin zone. The simulation involves an unsteady process, validated through comparisons with prior experimental and numerical works. Four distinct cases, considering the use of reflectors and fins, demonstrate their effects on key parameters. Results showcase variations in liquid fraction (LF), temperature of filter at outlet (Tout), paraffin temperature (TPCM), and electrical performance (ηe) over time. As time progresses the temperatures of different layers rise, impacting ηe negatively. The LF and TPCM values increase due to the growing melt phase within the domain. Notably, the impact of fins on ηe diminishes by 62.79 % and 97.3 % in the presence and absence of reflectors, respectively. The integration of fins in the presence of reflectors reduces panel temperatures, improving uniformity by 3.47 %, 0.38 %, and 0.23 % at 1, 2, and 3 h, respectively. This research contributes valuable insights into optimizing PV-TEG system efficiency through the strategic use of reflectors and fins, showcasing their nuanced effects on performance and thermal management.