Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on Second Primary Cancer Risk in Patients With Metastatic Lung Cancer Using Real-World Data From the TriNetX Network: Retrospective Cohort Study

In this large real-world cohort, ICI treatment was associated with a lower risk of developing SPCs and improved overall outcomes in patients with MLC. These findings support the hypothesis that ICIs may offer a preventive benefit beyond their primary oncologic indications. While the retrospective nature and data limitations warrant cautious interpretation, this study underscores the value of real-world evidence in identifying novel therapeutic benefits and guiding future prospective research.