Impact of Completeness of Revascularization on the Five-Year Outcome in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients (from the ARTS-II Study)

The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcome at 5 years in patients with complete and incomplete revascularization treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents. Baseline and procedural angiograms and surgical case-record forms were centrally assessed for completeness of revascularization. Patients treated with PCI for incomplete revascularization were stratified according to Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score tertiles. Complete revascularization was achieved in 360 of 588 patients (61.2%) in the PCI with sirolimus-eluting stent group and 477 of 567 patients (84.1%) in the CABG group (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in 5-year survival without major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs; death, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, and any revascularization) between patients with complete and incomplete revascularization treated with PCI or CABG. Survival free from MACCEs in patients with incomplete revascularization treated with PCI was significantly lower than those with complete revascularization treated with CABG (hazard ratio 1.66, 0.96 to 1.80, log-rank p = 0.001). The 5-year MACCE-free survival in patients with incomplete revascularization treated with PCI stratified according to SYNTAX score tertiles showed a significantly lower MACCE survival in the higher SYNTAX tertile compared to the low (hazard ratio 0.56, 0.32 to 0.96, log-rank p = 0.04) and intermediate (hazard ratio 0.50, 0.28 to 0.91, log-rank p = 0.02) tertiles, whereas survival between the low and intermediate SYNTAX tertiles was not significantly different (hazard ratio 1.13, 0.60 to 2.13, log-rank p = 0.71). In conclusion, this study suggests that patients with complex coronary disease, in whom complete revascularization cannot be achieved with PCI, should be offered surgical revascularization. However, in those patients with less complex disease, PCI is a valid alternative even if complete revascularization cannot be achieved.