In line with pathological investigations, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging has consistently shown both focal and diffuse damage in the cerebral cortex of patients with multiple sclerosis. Cortical injury tends to progress over time and is only partially related to white matter abnormalities. This review summarizes the main findings from studies using both conventional and modern quantitative magnetic resonance-based techniques for the assessment of cortical damage and dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Cristina Granziera, Jens Wuerfel, Frederik Barkhof, Massimiliano Calabrese, Nicola De Stefano, Christian Enzinger, Nikos Evangelou, Massimo Filippi, Jeroen J.G. Geurts, Daniel S. Reich, Maria A. Rocca, Stefan Ropele, Àlex Rovira, Pascal Sati, Ahmed Toosy, Hugo Vrenken, Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler‐Kingshott, Ludwig Kappos, Frederik Barkhof, Nicola De Stefano, Jaume Sastre‐Garriga, Olga Ciccarelli, Christian Enzinger, Massimo Filippi, Claudio Gasperini, Ludwig Kappos, Jackie Palace, Hugo Vrenken, Àlex Rovira, Maria A. Rocca, Tarek Yousry
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