How to solve the conundrum of adolescent autonomy?

This chapter focuses on a distinction between two conceptualizations of autonomy and the relevance of this distinction for adolescent development. Specifically, we discuss theory and research dealing with autonomy-as-independence (i.e., the degree to which adolescents are self-reliant and make decisions without input from others) and autonomy-as-volition (i.e., the degree to which adolescents regulate their behavior based on deeply held values, preferences, and interests). We argue that this distinction helps to provide nuanced answers to controversial questions related to adolescent autonomy. Specifically, we revisit six questions about adolescent autonomy in light of the distinction between independence and volition. Throughout the chapter, we highlight the complex interplay between the two conceptualizations of autonomy and we call for future research addressing their combined and interactive role in adolescent development.