Health and Safety Workshop Report: version 2, 2023

This report summarises the discussions that took place at the workshop on “Ammonia as an Energy Vector – Health and Safety” during the 1st Symposium on Ammonia Energy hosted at Cardiff University from the 1st to the 3rd of September 2022. Furthermore, the document has been updated with discussions from the workshop on health and safety at the 2nd Symposium on Ammonia Energy hosted at the University of Orléans from the 11th to the 13th of July 2023. Several presenters from various companies and organizations participated in discussions at these two workshops, and all provided some insight into the most concerning issues when using ammonia as an energy vector. The workshop, co-led by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and Cardiff University, promised to examine some important questions that need to be answered via Research and Development (R&D) to tackle the unknowns of using ammonia in both the energy and transport sectors. The outcome of the workshop is this document, which will be put forward in the following health and safety workshops scheduled to take place in future sessions of the Symposia, with the aim of coordinating research efforts undertaken by industries, governmental bodies and academic institutions.