Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises a heterogeneous group of cancers with pathologic features of biliary tract differentiation, and is presumed to arise from the intra- or extrahepatic biliary tract. Two recent papers suggest these cancers may also arise directly from transdifferentiation of hepatocytes [1,2]. Gallbladder cancer is distinct from cholangiocarcinoma in epidemiology, pathobiology, clinical presentation and management, and should be considered a different form of biliary tract cancer [3].