This chapter reviews the literature about the influence of genes in energy intake and food preferences. The presence of familial aggregation in total energy intake and intake of macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) and micronutrients is a well-documented phenomenon. Several twin studies have been undertaken to assess the role of heredity in energy intake and food preferences. Taste preferences represent a major determinant of food intake and food selection in humans and have already been linked with obesity and weight gain. Despite the recognition that eating behavior may play a role in the development of obesity in humans, very little is known about the role of genes in this behavior. The literature reviewed thus far indicates a rather moderate role of heredity in energy intake and food preferences. The results reviewed here reveal the presence of familial resemblance in energy intake and food preferences.
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