Objective: The aim of this study was to assess gene‐diet interaction effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (waist circumference, plasma triacylglycerol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and fasting glucose concentrations, and diastolic and systolic blood pressure) in the Quebec Family Study cohort. Design: Sixty‐four polymorphisms from 45 candidate genes were studied in 645 subjects. Dietary fat intake was obtained from a 3‐day weighted food record. Results: We observed 18 significant interactions at a p value ≤ 0.01. Among them, the Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, alone or in interaction with fat intake, significantly modulated waist circumference ( p = 0.0005 for both effects). Additionally, the apolipoprotein E genotype in interaction with fat intake was significantly associated with diastolic and systolic blood pressure ( p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively). The ghrelin Leu72Met polymorphism also interacted with dietary fat in its relation to waist circumference and triacylglycerol concentrations ( p = 0.0004 and p = 0.005). Discussion: These results suggest that several alleles at candidate genes interact with dietary fat intake to modulate well‐known CVD risk factors. The identification of gene‐diet interaction effects is likely to provide useful information concerning the etiology of CVD.
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