Fully Enclosed Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Applications in Water and Harsh Environments

The first fully enclosed triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that can be used to harvest wave and wind energies without being affected by harsh environmental conditions are reported. A TENG is fabricated in an enclosed sphere, driven by the turbulence/disturbance in the environment. TENGs fabricated in a fully enclosed cylinder can be used to harvest energy from mechanical vibration and/or shaking. The generated energy can be stored in a Li-ion battery for driving an ascorbic acid biosensor. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.