The sustainability of biolubricants as green alternatives for industrial and machinery lubrication is questionable due to their unreliable oxidative stability, high pour point, and easy accumulation of contaminants that affect their tribological performance. Bio-based ionic liquid (IL) lubricants, which are environmentally friendly liquid state salts, have overcome these concerns related to conventional biolubricants. The present study investigates the effect of varying cation–anion moieties in ILs to understand their tribological performance and industrial viability. The industrial viability was analyzed by scaling their friction and wear behaviors against conventional biolubricants, and petroleum-based oils. The study investigated both bio- and nonbio-based ILs. Among the ILs examined, P666,14Saccharinate, P666,14Salicyate, and P666,14Benzoate were found to have superior tribological properties. The presence of large alkyl cation chain length and large aromatic anion ring size in ILs can effectively reduce friction and wear. This study details the mechanism by which the structural combinations of anion and cation in ILs define the tribological behavior of the bulk IL. Additionally, this study also highlights the environmentally benign nature of IL lubricants for possible industrial applications.
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