Abstract Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death in the USA and Europe. A heart attack (myocardial infarction) is usually the consequence of two events—the narrowing of coronary arteries by atherosclerosis (Figure 1) and the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a narrowed artery, which blocks it completely and renders a portion of the heart muscle ischaemic (lacking inO2). Atherosclerosis of arteries in the brain also predisposes to stroke. There have been many speculations that dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, antioxidant nutrients, iron, copper, and selenium affect the development of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this chapter is to review what is, and is not, actually known about this complex area.
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